From CFR.org:
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)–composed of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan–was formed as a confidence-building mechanism to resolve border disputes. It has risen in stature since then, making headlines in 2005 when it called for Washington to set a timeline for withdrawing from military bases in Central Asia. Over the past few years, the organization’s activities have expanded to include increased military cooperation, intelligence sharing, and counterterrorism drills. The SCO has also intensified its focus on Afghanistan, and may play a greater role in international efforts there in the near future. While some experts say the organization has emerged as a powerful anti-U.S. bulwark in Central Asia, others believe frictions between its two largest members, Russia and China, effectively preclude a strong, unified SCO.
Also: President Hu Visits Central Asian Strategic Partners
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